How to tell if your dog is pregnant: Know the signs, physical changes and stages |
Pregnancy in dogs is a natural yet sensitive process that usually lasts about nine weeks, or around 63 days. During this time, your dog experiences several physical and behavioural changes as her body prepares to nurture and deliver her puppies. You may notice shifts in appetite, activity level, and temperament, along with physical signs like weight gain and enlarged nipples. Understanding these changes and the different stages of pregnancy helps you offer proper care, nutrition, and comfort throughout this period. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and a calm environment are key to ensuring a healthy pregnancy and smooth delivery for both the mother and her pups.
Signs of pregnancy in dogs you should know
According to a study published in Vet Alumnus, diagnosing pregnancy in dogs can be achieved through various approaches, including physical and behavioural observations, abdominal palpation, hormonal assays, ultrasonography, and radiography. The study explains that while early signs such as appetite changes, nipple enlargement, or behavioural shifts may suggest pregnancy, they are not reliable for confirmation.
Early signs of pregnancy (Weeks 1-3)
In the first few weeks, signs of pregnancy are often subtle. The fertilised eggs implant in the uterus around 18-22 days after mating, but you may not notice much change yet. Here are some of the early indicators:
- Slight change in appetite: Some dogs may eat less or even experience mild nausea similar to “morning sickness”.
- Mild fatigue or changes in activity: Your dog may sleep more or seem less playful than usual.
- Behavioural shifts: Increased affection, clinginess, or sometimes withdrawal can occur as hormonal changes begin.
- Subtle nipple changes: Nipples might become slightly more prominent or pinker.
- Minimal weight gain: At this point, any abdominal enlargement is rare and may not be visible yet.
During this stage, it’s difficult to confirm pregnancy without veterinary testing. A blood test for the hormone relaxin or an ultrasound scan around the 3-4 week mark can confirm pregnancy accurately.
Mid-pregnancy signs (Weeks 4-6)
This is the stage where pregnancy becomes more noticeable. The embryos develop rapidly, and your dog’s body begins to show clearer signs:
- Visible abdominal enlargement: The belly starts to round out as the puppies grow.
- Noticeable weight gain: Weight may increase by 20-50%, depending on litter size.
- Increased appetite: As the puppies develop, nutritional demands rise.
- Nipple growth: Nipples become larger, darker, and may secrete a small amount of clear fluid.
- Behavioural nesting: Your dog might start arranging bedding or seeking quiet spaces.
- Changes in movement: She may become less active or hesitant to jump and run as her abdomen expands.
At this point, your vet can palpate the abdomen to feel the developing puppies or perform ultrasound imaging to check their health. Around week 6, X-rays can also reveal the number of puppies, as their skeletons begin to calcify.
Late pregnancy signs (Weeks 7-9)
The final stage is the most visibly transformative. The puppies are now growing rapidly, and your dog will be prepared physically and mentally for labour.
- Pronounced abdominal enlargement: The belly becomes firm and distended. Movement of puppies may even be felt or seen.
- Swollen mammary glands: The mammary glands fill with milk in preparation for nursing.
- Drop in appetite: In the final week, your dog may eat less due to pressure on her stomach.
- Increased restlessness or nesting: She may scratch, dig, or seek a secluded area to whelp.
- Clear or mucus-like discharge: Normal near delivery as the body prepares for labour.
This period requires close observation. Any signs of distress, excessive panting, or unusual discharge should prompt a call to your veterinarianRecognising the signs and stages of dog pregnancy enables you to care for your pet with confidence. While every dog’s pregnancy can differ slightly, paying attention to changes in appetite, behaviour, and body shape will help you track her progress. Regular veterinary check-ups during these stages ensure the pregnancy remains healthy and the birth goes smoothly.If you suspect your dog is pregnant or nearing labour, contact your vet for professional advice and monitoring. It’s the best way to support both mum and her soon-to-arrive puppies.Disclaimer: Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and should not replace professional veterinary advice. Always consult a qualified veterinarian for accurate diagnosis, medical guidance, and care specific to your dog’s health and pregnancy.
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